Toni K. Choueiri, MD, from the Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, gives us an insight into the difficulties in choosing to pursue either avelumab or axitinib as therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma, as evaluated in a Phase Ib trial (NCT02493751), mainly due to their similarities in the degrees of toxicity and efficacy. A few suggestions on what should be done in the future are noted by him, although he states that this will be a hard choice overall. This interview was filmed at the American Society of Oncology (ASCO) 2017 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL.