Toni K. Choueiri, MD, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, describes the results of a study combining axitinib (VEGF TK inhibitor) and avelumab (a PD-L1 inhibitor) – investigators have been hoping to see synergy between the two molecules. They did measure activity but the focus was to look at safety and tolerability of the combination. Toni describes response rate and tolerability issues, as well as updating us on the PROGRESS study, which is testing the same combination and is currently recruiting.