Michael Atkins, MD, from the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, discusses the KEYNOTE-029 study (NCT02089685) at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2017 in Madrid, Spain. This trial investigated the combination of pembrolizumab and ipilimumab in patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. The study found that full dose pembrolizumab combined with reduced dose ipilimumab showed considerable activity in melanoma patients, with reasonable toxicity. The next step of the study is to determine if a further reduced dose of ipilimumab combined with pembrolizumab is still efficacious.