Understanding the underlying biology of a tumor is essential in order to develop effective treatments. In this interview, Ken O’Byrne, MD, of Princess Alexandra Hospital & Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, discusses the translational research carried out in his lab. Prof. O’Byrne explains his views on the underlying reasons for tumorigenesis in terms of genetics and gene dependency. This video was recorded at the British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG) Annual Conference 2018, held in Dublin, Ireland.