Sabine Oertelt-Prigione, MD, PhD, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, discusses sex and gender differences in medicine, specifically covering why it is important to consider sex and gender, how genetics and hormones affect how diseases originate and are treated, and what can go wrong if sex and gender differences are not considered. This interview was recorded via an online conference call with The Video Journal of Oncology (VJOncology).