Sima Porten, MD, MPH, FACS, University of California, San Francisco, CA, discusses the obstacles in the treatment of non-muscle invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma. In addition, Dr Porten outlines the next steps needed to find out the right sequence of treatments for patients. This interview took place at the 2020 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, held in San Francisco, CA.