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ESMO 2026 | Challenging the assumption that leptomeningeal disease is incurable

Peter Forsyth, MD, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, highlights the challenges and opportunities in treating leptomeningeal disease (LMD), emphasizing the need to overcome the assumption that it is incurable and to conduct trials that advance understanding of its biology. Regulatory frameworks will be important to ensure that these therapies will reach clinical practice. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2026 Congress in Madrid, Spain.

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Transcript

Yeah, so I think we just need to show efficacy, but I think the bigger issue is a philosophical one. This is me now on my soapbox. The problem with LMD is everybody is afraid of it because it is terrifying, but everybody assumes it’s incurable. So it’s not really a good way to find a cure if you believe it’s incurable. And there’s just not much understood about it, so we need to understand more about it, do trials where we learn about the biology so we can make things better, as you suggested...

Yeah, so I think we just need to show efficacy, but I think the bigger issue is a philosophical one. This is me now on my soapbox. The problem with LMD is everybody is afraid of it because it is terrifying, but everybody assumes it’s incurable. So it’s not really a good way to find a cure if you believe it’s incurable. And there’s just not much understood about it, so we need to understand more about it, do trials where we learn about the biology so we can make things better, as you suggested. And then I think in terms of the regulatory framework, we at least need to get past a phase 2 study which we just started. A different story which is embargoed until tomorrow by the way is someone else in my group we did a study doing intrathecal Herceptin and Trastuzumab which is just those two antibodies in breast cancer and the results are going to be practice changing because on average people lived 36.2 months. So that’s an example when you talked about regulatory that I’m sure once that’s published, which should be in the next two months, that that’s going to allow us to go to insurance companies and they will support this treatment. In the meantime, on the back end, even with those results which are excellent, we’re looking at all the molecular biology of their CSF to figure out who benefits and who doesn’t. Again, so we can do a better job of finding people that it’s clearly going to help, you know, and they should try it, as well as people that it isn’t going to help. You don’t want them to waste their time doing something that’s not going to work. So it’s a pretty exciting time in leptomeningeal disease now. We just need to do more and have a positive attitude.

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