Andreas Trumpp, PhD, from the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, discusses findings of recent stem cell research at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2017 in Madrid, Spain. A metabolic enzyme involved in the degradation and catabolism of branch chain amino acids and the epigenetic reprogramming of a cell has been discovered. There is ongoing research to find inhibitors to block this enzyme, therefore preventing the cell from becoming leukaemic.