Robin Jones, MD, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK, discusses the latest developments in neoadjuvant therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). The international, randomized Phase III STRASS (NCT01344018) trial assessed preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone on abdominal recurrence-free survival (RFS). Although no difference was found in PFS between the two groups, a non-significant improvement in abdominal RFS was observed in a subgroup of patients with liposarcoma. Prof. Jones additionally comments on a Phase III trial investigating neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery verses surgery alone on patients with RPS.