Frank Griesinger, MD, PhD, of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, discusses the unmet needs of current immunotherapy and chemotherapy combination approaches, raising important questions on their applications in second-line treatment. From the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2018 Congress, in Munich, Germany, Prof. Griesinger also discusses the future of effective screening in Europe, referring to current efforts towards the implementation of an operative screening strategy.