At the 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, Eleni Efstathiou, MD, PhD, from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, discusses the results of a study that evaluated the clinical and biological heterogeneity of response and resistance to neoadjuvant abiraterone acetate, a prodrug of abiraterone, a CYP17 inhibitor that lowers serum testosterone, plus leuprolide acetate, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa), versus LHRHa in patients with localised high-risk prostate cancer.