Prof. Jayant Vaidya, MBBS, PhD, FRCS, FRCS(Gen), University College London, London, UK, discusses long-term follow-up data and outcomes from the Phase III TARGIT-A trial (NCT00983684) comparing targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) [targit.org.uk] to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in patients with early breast cancer. Single dose TARGIT-IORT during lumpectomy was as effective as EBRT and resulted in lower mortality rates from other causes. Prof. Vaidya additionally highlights the environmental benefit of TARGIT-IORT as a result of less travel required by patients, as well as the potential abscopal effect from TARGIT-IORT. This interview took place at the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Festival 2021.