Vamsidhar Velcheti, MD, from the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, discusses the results obtained from Phase Ib of the KEYNOTE-001 trial (NCT01295827), a study on the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in treating patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer. He notes that there is a greater overall survival status of chemotherapy-naïve patients in comparison to chemotherapy-treated patients in this trial, thereby suggesting the possibility of reducing chemotherapy in future treatment, which would be advantageous in improving the health of patients. This interview was filmed at the American Society of Oncology (ASCO) 2017 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL.