Yes, I think there is a huge transition from the prognostic factor to predictive factor in the genitourinary cancer community because the patients do not only want to know how long they might survive, they also want to know which kind of drug will save their lives. So we observe a significant increase in the number of biomarkers and precision medicine in the space of prostate cancer and kidney cancer...
Yes, I think there is a huge transition from the prognostic factor to predictive factor in the genitourinary cancer community because the patients do not only want to know how long they might survive, they also want to know which kind of drug will save their lives. So we observe a significant increase in the number of biomarkers and precision medicine in the space of prostate cancer and kidney cancer. Take prostate cancer, for example, we see the PARP inhibitor, which targets the HRR mutation in prostate cancer, and patients with BRCA mutation will derive a significant benefit from the addition of PARP inhibitor, not only from the mCRPC setting but also from the hormone-sensitive prostate cancer setting, so it’s a great transition from treating all patients to finding the right patients to give the right drug at the right time. And another thing I mentioned in my presentation is that there is a significant geographic difference in the prevalence of genomic alterations in prostate cancer. For example, in Asian patients, the prevalence of PTEN loss is quite lower compared to Western patients with a slightly significantly higher PTEN loss rate. So when we test the PTEN target drug, like ipatasertib, we should evaluate the PTEN status in patients before we discuss the patients with the benefit of additional targeted treatment. So in the future, we are looking to new clinical trials, which will test the genomic profile of the patients in an early setting and give the treatment after we get the genomic profile data. And we will see an emergence of clinical trials with co-development of biomarkers and treatment. And in the future, I think a multi-choice, in the future of multi-choice treatment and biomarker, is used to set a priority score for each treatment. And the response, survival, quality of life, and the patient-reported outcome all need biomarkers to shape a well-informed treatment future.
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