Cynthia X. Ma, MD, PhD, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, discusses the results of the ALTERNATE trial (NCT01953588), aiming to evaluate neoadjuvant therapy in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and HER2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer patients resistant to endocrine therapy (ET). Around 80% of the patients completed the intended treatment cycle. At the time of surgery, the residual cancer burden was assessed and the pathologic response rate was found to be only 5% suggesting that ET-resistant patients are not responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As better treatment options are needed for these patients, research into the molecular mechanisms behind this type of cancer continues. This interview was recorded via an online conference call with The Video Journal of Oncology (VJOncology).