Afaf Abed, MBBS, FRACP, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia, describes progress in the development of personalized therapies for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the exception of stratifying patients based on transthoracic needle biopsies (TNB) and certain biomarkers including PD-L1, the personalization of treatments remains limited for patients with NSCLC. Gene sequencing of cancers with technologies such as next-generation sequencing will identify novel mutations and biomarkers to better identify patients who will benefit from immunotherapy. This interview took place during the 36th Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C.