Laurence Albiges, MD, PhD, from the Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France highlights important trials being presented this year at the European Cancer Congress of the European Cancer Organisation (ECCO) 2017 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Dr Albiges describes a study in which pembrolizumab was compared with chemotherapy as a second line treatment in bladder cancer. This has shown promising results, and will likely become the new standard of care in second line treatment. She also describes the METEOR study (NCT01865747), which compared tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of RCC.