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GU Cancers 2026 | Biomarker-guided adjuvant therapy decisions in bladder cancer

David Aggen, MD, PhD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, comments on the current approach to adjuvant therapy in bladder cancer, which is largely driven by perioperative treatment choices. Adjuvant therapy decisions are based on neoadjuvant setting selections, with the goal of preventing recurrence, particularly in high-risk patients with residual muscle-invasive disease. Biomarkers are important in tailoring treatment and avoiding over or under treatment, where bladder cancer requires vigilant management as post-cystectomy recurrence can be lethal. This interview took place at the 2026 ASCO GU Cancers Symposium in San Francisco, CA.

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Transcript

So adjuvant therapy now, I think, is really mediated and driven by what you choose to do in the perioperative space. So there’s still going to be a group of patients in the world where EV pembro is not accessible, who are getting Deravax gem cysts in the neoadjuvant setting, and get Deravaxlumab as adjuvant therapy, regardless of pathologic outcome. And similarly, from Keynote B15 and Keynote 905, all of the patients in that trial, by design, get EV Pembro in the neoadjuvant setting and the adjuvant setting...

So adjuvant therapy now, I think, is really mediated and driven by what you choose to do in the perioperative space. So there’s still going to be a group of patients in the world where EV pembro is not accessible, who are getting Deravax gem cysts in the neoadjuvant setting, and get Deravaxlumab as adjuvant therapy, regardless of pathologic outcome. And similarly, from Keynote B15 and Keynote 905, all of the patients in that trial, by design, get EV Pembro in the neoadjuvant setting and the adjuvant setting. I think we need more granularity from B15, which was just presented today, to understand what the patients who got adjuvant therapy look like in terms of pathologic outcomes. I would highlight that in 905, patients that have residual muscle invasive disease, PT2 or greater after EV pembro, have a very high chance of a recurrence. The events in that group, in the PT2 or higher group, it’s about 45% of patients that recur within the first two years. So I think at the moment, our adjuvant therapy decisions are really based on what you picked in the neoadjuvant setting. I think as our biomarkers get better, that’s going to help tailor who we’re over and under treating. But at the moment, I think we have to offer all our patients this therapy. Bladder cancer is not a disease where you can rest on your laurels. A recurrence post-cystectomy is a lethal one for many patients.

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