Heinz-Josef Lenz, MD, FACP, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, explores challenges associated with the treatment of colorectal cancer, including the loss of efficacy seen with subsequent lines of treatment and disease heterogeneity resulting in resistance mechanisms. Prof. Lenz highlights a need for a greater understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the role it plays in mediating responses to targeted agents and immunotherapy. This interview was recorded via an online conference call with The Video Journal of Oncology (VJOncology).