Ángel Alberich-Bayarri, PhD, QUIBIM – Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in Medicine, Valencia, Spain, explains the mechanism of action of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), BO-112. BO-112 activates toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3), as well as two RNA helicases – retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-1) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), leading to immunogenic cell death and increasing immune checkpoint inhibition effects. It is thought that this activity could help to improve responses to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with solid tumors. This interview took place at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA.