ASCO 2025 | Evaluating erythrocyte-antibody conjugates in solid tumors

The biodistribution profile of PD-1 ARY and the traditional antibodies was distinct. So traditional PD-1 antibodies have broader distribution and were expected to have function in the tumor site. However, their efficacy was always limited in some late-stage cancer patients, particularly those with resistance to the immunotherapy because the tumor-infiltrating T cells always become terminally exhausted or just absent so they are hard to be reactivated. So in contrast, our PD-1 ARY can target and can precisely target the resistance in the spleen, the largest secondary lymphoid organ in our human body. And in fact, the spleen contains one-third of immune cells, including both T cells and antigen-presenting cells. And what we found is that if we can precisely target the spleen and the immune cells within there, we can generate strong antitumor immunity and we can activate the T cells as well as the splenic reservoir of suppressive myeloid cells. So thereby, it can trigger strong anti-tumor activities. So actually, this approach might be beneficial for the patients with resistance to the immunotherapy, as I mentioned, because the T cells within the tumors are always not functioning. So we need to reactivate the new immune responses outside the tumors to have new anti-tumor responses. So this is why PD-1-ARY can target the patients with immunotherapy resistance and also show good response in the cancer patients. And regarding the safety profile, due to the restricted biodistribution and efficient targeting of immune cells, the effective dosage of PD-1 ARY is relatively low, which is just 5 to 10% of traditional antibody dose. So it brings a favorable safety profile. So we didn’t observe DLT or TRAE above grade 3, just some mild and transient adverse events, and all the patients were able to go home on the same day of infusion. So that’s all.

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