The future landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment is discussed by Jean Frédéric Blanc of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. Dr Frédéric Blanc speaks from the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2018 Congress, in Munich, Germany, providing an overview of the current TKIs and monoclonal antibodies used in the first-line and second-line treatment of HCC, while discussing the prospective future for HCC treatment. Dr Frédéric Blanc expects to see clinical trials that further investigate the role of checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies in HCC.