Shobhit Baijal, MBBS, MRCP, MRCP, The University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK, provides an overview of the topics discussed during the session on translational oncology at the 2022 British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG) Conference. Dr Baijal highlights advances in mRNA vaccines targeting lung cancer, which have shown promising results despite being in early clinical trials, as well as checkpoint inhibitors, which have become an integral part of the treatment landscape. Further research is, however required for patients who progress from immunotherapy. This interview took place at the 20th Annual BTOG Conference 2022.