Daniel Petrylak, MD, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, reflects on key areas of unmet need in bladder cancer research, including the importance of molecular markers to guide personalized treatment approaches. Novel targeted therapies such as enfortumab vedotin, erdafitinib and sacitizumab govetican are being moved to earlier lines of treatment, highlighting the importance of patient stratification. This interview took place at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2022 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL.