Andrew Schmidt, MD, B.Pharm, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, discusses the significance of biomarkers for novel renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma treatments. The development of new immunotherapy regimens, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody drug conjugates, may improve survival outcomes for some patients. However, a lack of known biomarkers means populations who could derive benefit from these therapies cannot be identified. This interview took place during the 2021 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium.