Absolutely. Yeah, I really think that they can. And I mean, we’re at a point now where we have a toolkit that’s available in CSF, a little bit less so in plasma, again, because of that limitation of the blood-brain barrier. But even then, things like amplified junctions that we can see in plasma, we’re starting to incorporate those as secondary outcome measures or correlative outcome measures in our trials...
Absolutely. Yeah, I really think that they can. And I mean, we’re at a point now where we have a toolkit that’s available in CSF, a little bit less so in plasma, again, because of that limitation of the blood-brain barrier. But even then, things like amplified junctions that we can see in plasma, we’re starting to incorporate those as secondary outcome measures or correlative outcome measures in our trials. And I think that as we gain more experience with that and incorporate liquid biopsies as, you know, as at least secondary outcome measures or correlative outcomes in our clinical trials, it’s really going to be the type of experience that we need to get so that they can eventually become true surrogate outcome measures and give us earlier response than measures like progression-free survival and overall survival. One of the important things there is going to be, well, what are you benchmarking against? And so one of the things that we’re really emphasizing in our trials is that if there’s a concern for progression versus pseudoprogression, there should be a low threshold to biopsy if and when it’s safely indicated. The ability to biopsy is, you know, it does carry a certain risk. It’s usually cited at about a 1% chance of hemorrhage and other similar neurological adverse effects. But overall, it’s quite safe, especially when done in the right hands. And so having that tissue confirmation and then also having the clinical trajectory of the patient afterwards in case of sampling error, I think having those two things together with our liquid biopsies in parallel is going to be very helpful for benchmarking. And then as we start to develop and build more experience around that, we’ll be able to really better ascertain the performance of liquid biopsy biomarkers and in which instances they work very well, in which instances they don’t. And then also expand out the toolkit in that case and really work on optimizing and refining what’s available in our hands.
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