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ESMO 2026 | Omitting adjuvant radiotherapy in older patients with early-stage breast cancer

Lotte Bouwman, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, discusses 5-year results from the TOP-1 study (BOOG 2016-01), which assessed omission of adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in systemically untreated women aged 70 years or older with low-risk, estrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. Local recurrence risk exceeded previous estimates, although breast-conserving surgery was possible for most recurrences and breast cancer-specific survival was excellent. Radiotherapy omission may therefore be an option for a subgroup of older patients within a shared decision-making setting. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2026 Congress in Madrid, Spain.

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Transcript

We investigated omission of radiotherapy in an older cohort of women after breast-conserving surgery, as you just mentioned. And what we found was, well, median age was 74 years old. Most tumors were small because only small tumors were included in the analysis or in the study. And so we found that most tumors were low-grade, small, and the five-year local recurrence risk was observed to be 14...

We investigated omission of radiotherapy in an older cohort of women after breast-conserving surgery, as you just mentioned. And what we found was, well, median age was 74 years old. Most tumors were small because only small tumors were included in the analysis or in the study. And so we found that most tumors were low-grade, small, and the five-year local recurrence risk was observed to be 14.8%, which was higher than expected based on previous data. And what we found was when we looked at the treatment of the local recurrences, we found that more than 90% of the patients were treated with surgery again. Of these, 75% were treated with breast-conserving surgery again. 57% of the patients were treated with radiation therapy. And 35% of the patients were treated with endocrine therapy. Although the local recurrences were higher than expected, based on the data from previous studies and from a national registry cohort in the Netherlands, we found that most local recurrences were really good and treatable, well-treatable, and breast-conserving surgery was possible again in most of the patients. So when we looked at overall survival, we found that survival was 87%, the overall survival at five years. And that is the same for 74-year-old women in a general Dutch population and the expected five-year survival. So that was comparable or the same, however you want to mention it. So that’s really for us a sign that we can continue with this and continue to observe how the local recurrence risk is developing.

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