There are a multitude of Phase III trials testing chemoimmunotherapy combinations as first-line treatments. However, there is a lack of data for bladder cancer, says Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, speaking from the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2018 Congress, in Munich, Germany. Dr Rosenberg highlights similarities in the pathobiology of lung cancer and bladder cancer, where PD-L1 testing is now required for single agent checkpoint therapy in the frontline setting. Dr Rosenberg awaits data to determine the effects of single agent checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer patients expressing low levels of PD-L1.