Bruna Pellini, MD, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, discusses the past, present and future of checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many advances in NSCLC have been translated from other solid tumors, such as melanoma, where dramatic clinical benefits with checkpoint inhibitor use were initially demonstrated. Dr Pellini talks on the rapid evolution of the field, with a growing number of agents being approved and a shift to use in earlier lines. Checkpoint inhibitors combined with cellular-based therapies are an exciting next step in lung cancer. CAR-T therapy, macrophages, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are all under investigation to boost responses to checkpoint inhibition. This interview took place at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2021 Virtual Meeting.