Roy Herbst, MD, PhD, FACP, FASCO, of Yale University, New Haven, CT, discusses the results of the Phase I JVDF study (NCT02443324) which aimed to evaluate the effect of ramucirumab, a VEGF inhibitor, in combination with pembrolizumab. Immune profliling suggests that the inclusion of a VEGF inhibitor increases inflammation within the tumour microenvironment, which may result in increased efficacy compared to checkpoint blockade therapies alone. This interview was recorded via an online conference call with The Video Journal of Oncology (VJOncology).