Prof. David McDermott, MD, of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, discusses novel treatments in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). At 2019 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, held in San Francisco, CA, Prof. McDermott focusses on PD1 blockade studies such as KEYNOTE-426 (NCT02853331), where pembrolizumab is combined with axitinib, or KEYNOTE-427 (NCT02853344), where pembrolizumab is used as monotherapy in untreated RCC. Prof. McDermott moves on to explain that patients with tumour PDL-1 expression have enhanced response to such treatment.