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ESMO 2026 | Patient selection and sequencing of TIL therapy in melanoma

Allison Betof Warner, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, discusses the patient selection framework for guiding cellular immunotherapy decisions in melanoma, highlighting the importance of considering physiologic age, functional status, and cardiopulmonary reserve, particularly for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-refractory patients. Dr Warner notes that for frontline therapy, the bar is set high due to the effectiveness and safety of existing treatments, particularly ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and that tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy may be more suitable for patients with a low chance of responding to checkpoint inhibitors, such as those with advanced mucosal melanoma. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2026 Congress in Madrid, Spain.

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