Mitsuru Sasako, MD, PhD, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan, discusses the challenges of clinical trials involving immuno-checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy, as well as the difficulty of conducting long-term trials to assess benefits in specific subgroups (e.g., advanced-stage disease), due to economic pressures on pharmaceutical companies. He emphasizes the importance of individualized patient care, acknowledging that even early-stage cancers can recur and advanced-stage cancers can sometimes respond unexpectedly to treatment. Dr Sasako highlights the importance of shared decision-making and the use of even subgroup analysis data to inform treatment choices, while maintaining realistic expectations about prognosis. This interview took place at the ESSO 43 congress in Antwerp, Belgium.
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