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ESMO 2025 | Which patients with breast cancer benefit most from adjuvant CDK4-6 inhibitors?

Nicholas McAndrew, MD, MSCE, UCLA Health, Santa Monica, CA, comments on the benefits of adding adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors to treatment in breast cancer, stating that most patients, regardless of subgroup, derive substantial benefit, including those with T2N0 disease who have additional high-risk features. These patients have a similar risk of relapse as node-positive patients, and biological risk, rather than anatomic staging or response to neoadjuvant therapy, should guide treatment decisions. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2025 Congress in Berlin, Germany.

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Transcript

I think what we’ve seen across the board is that, especially with the five-year data that just came out earlier in this conference, is that most patients really, it doesn’t matter the subgroup, they’re benefiting from the addition of CDK4-6 inhibitors. I mean, we’re, I think, for the most part, yet to find a subgroup that doesn’t benefit. I know that there’s a lot of, there had been initially a lot of concern about whether or not the T2N0 patients, you know, they’re only T2N0...

I think what we’ve seen across the board is that, especially with the five-year data that just came out earlier in this conference, is that most patients really, it doesn’t matter the subgroup, they’re benefiting from the addition of CDK4-6 inhibitors. I mean, we’re, I think, for the most part, yet to find a subgroup that doesn’t benefit. I know that there’s a lot of, there had been initially a lot of concern about whether or not the T2N0 patients, you know, they’re only T2N0. Maybe it’s over-treating them to add a CDK4-6 inhibitor. And, you know, I would say that the data has not borne that out. I mean, they still benefit substantially and, you know, not just statistically significantly, but clinically in a clinically meaningful way. And so I think part of the reason why that’s really important to remember is that these are not your average T2 and zero patients. These are patients who were node negative, but they had to have an additional high-risk feature. So some data presented last year, looking at patients in the Flatiron database who sort of met MONARCH criteria, the patients who were T2N0 had approximately the same risk of seven-year relapse, distant relapse, as patients who were node positive. So I think that it’s not just the anatomic staging that’s important to remember when thinking about which patients we should select or benefit or maybe not benefit from. It’s really about the additional biological risk that was studied in the MONARCH trial. Beyond that, I don’t think that response to neoadjuvant therapy should help guide that decision. I think that if someone had high enough risk disease where it was felt that they should get neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which most patients on MONARCH, if they got neoadjuvant chemotherapy, they had the highest, they were the highest population. Um, certainly it would be warranted to, to kind of throw the kitchen sink. That’s exactly the group that you would want to, uh, give them, uh, um, additional CDK4-6 inhibitor.

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