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AACR 2026 | Circulating HPV DNA in surveillance and MRD-guided head & neck cancer care

Ari Rosenberg, MD, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, comments on the use of circulating tumor HPV DNA assays in the surveillance of patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancer, which is becoming a standard part of clinical practice. While there are ongoing trials exploring the use of immunotherapy in patients with measurable residual disease (MRD), further research is needed to address the unmet need in viral-independent disease. This interview took place at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2026 in San Diego, CA.

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Transcript

I would say an HPV-positive head and neck cancer in the post-treatment setting, this is largely already part of what many physicians are using as part of their surveillance strategy. The CT HPV DNA or circulating tumor HPV DNA assays are widely commercially available, and they seem to be a nice complement to standard clinical endoscopic imaging guidelines in the surveillance setting for these patients...

I would say an HPV-positive head and neck cancer in the post-treatment setting, this is largely already part of what many physicians are using as part of their surveillance strategy. The CT HPV DNA or circulating tumor HPV DNA assays are widely commercially available, and they seem to be a nice complement to standard clinical endoscopic imaging guidelines in the surveillance setting for these patients. And so I think in that setting, it’s being used. You know, as of right now, there’s not clear guidance what to do in patients who are MRD positive or become MRD positive in the surveillance setting. And there are a number of trials. Again, we have a trial that’s open exploring immunotherapy with nivolumab with or without atezolizumab in that setting that’s currently open and accruing. And others also that are trying to explore, can we intervene on MRD-positive patients to try to improve outcomes in this setting? In viral-independent disease, again, it’s been more of a challenge. The assays that are being developed are more heterogeneous. And so that is also a place where I think there’s an unmet need where further trials are needed to try to explore again, can we intervene on an MRD result to improve outcomes for patients?

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