Allison Betof Warner, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, discusses the infrastructure burden of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) manufacturing and inpatient IL-2 administration, highlighting the need for sufficient volume of patients to support the learning process for clinicians. Advancements in manufacturing capability and the development of less toxic therapies, such as reducing the dose of lymphodepletion and eliminating the need for IL-2, could enable access to these treatments beyond specialist academic centers. While significant progress has been made, including improvements in manufacturing capability and the development of novel therapies like OBX-115, more work is needed to make these treatments accessible closer to patients’ homes. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2026 Congress in Madrid, Spain.
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