Hope Rugo, MD, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, comments on the limitations of relying solely on tumor size for treatment decisions in early-stage breast cancer, highlighting the potential of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognostic factor. TILs have been shown to be highly prognostic in small node-negative tumors, and several trials are exploring the use of TILs to stratify treatment intensity, which can help tailor treatment to individual patients. This interview took place at the 2025 St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus Meeting in Vienna, Austria.
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