The current standard treatment for liver cancer is the doublet IO or the IO plus VEGF, and of course, there are many, many studies and different thoughts on how to improve the treatment further. One is that we try to add some new targets. At this moment, I think the TIGIT is something that is being tested in the phase three setting and, of course, there’s some other immune checkpoint inhibitors like TIM3 that may also add to the immunotherapy...
The current standard treatment for liver cancer is the doublet IO or the IO plus VEGF, and of course, there are many, many studies and different thoughts on how to improve the treatment further. One is that we try to add some new targets. At this moment, I think the TIGIT is something that is being tested in the phase three setting and, of course, there’s some other immune checkpoint inhibitors like TIM3 that may also add to the immunotherapy. There are some studies showing that we may target the cytokines like interleukin-27; this may also be combined with the immunotherapy backbone and improve some of the response rate and survival. Apart from IO, I think another potentially important one is the FGFR4 inhibitors. There’s an abstract in the ESMO GI this year that, when you combine with atezolizumab, actually, you do see, and in those patients with FGFR4 amplified HCC, you do see respectable response rate. I think this may also point towards some of the precision medicine, that we need to biopsy the patient to test some of the biomarkers beforehand. So, I think these are the three areas that possibly are important in the future, where we develop some new treatment for the liver cancer patients.
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