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ESMO 2025 | The future of targeting synthetic lethality in cancer drug development

Antonio Marra, MD, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy, discusses the impact of synthetic lethality on cancer treatment, highlighting the potential to target specific genetic alterations and the growing number of agents targeting the DDR pathway. Dr Marra emphasizes the need for additional biomarkers to identify the right patient population for further drug development, as well as a better understanding of resistance mechanisms to overcome them, and notes the importance of using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) markers to accelerate drug development. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2025 Congress in Berlin, Germany.

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Transcript

Synthetic lethality has completely changed our way of treating cancer with the possibility to target specific genetic alterations that were not possible in the past. But over the last few years, using novel genomic and computational approaches, we have identified additional synthetic lethal markers. And more importantly, we have seen a growing number of agents that can target specific alterations of the DDR pathway or other DNA damage pathways...

Synthetic lethality has completely changed our way of treating cancer with the possibility to target specific genetic alterations that were not possible in the past. But over the last few years, using novel genomic and computational approaches, we have identified additional synthetic lethal markers. And more importantly, we have seen a growing number of agents that can target specific alterations of the DDR pathway or other DNA damage pathways. And I believe that in the near future, we are going to see additional data based on this kind of approach. But I think that what we have seen during the presentation at ESMO 2025 is that we need probably additional biomarkers to establish the right population where we have to further develop the drugs. Because especially in the context of patients that are already being exposed to DNA damage-targeted agents, probably we have to understand better the mechanism of resistance and identify the proper combination of drugs to restore sensitivity and overcome the mechanism of resistance. And lastly, I would say that also for this type of drug that has been tested in early-phase clinical trials, the use of ctDNA and ctDNA markers is an important marker. And I think that collectively we have to try to generate additional evidence to understand the role of ctDNA in this setting and use this SBP marker to accelerate drug development.

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