Oncogenic driver mutations can be therapeutically targeted to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Novel technologies are now allowing us to measure these mutations throughout the evolution of the tumor, gaining invaluable insights for treatment. Here, Ken O’Byrne, MD, of Princess Alexandra Hospital & Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, discusses the therapeutic targeting of the NSCLC-associated oncogenes that he discussed at the British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG) Annual Conference 2018, held in Dublin, Ireland.