Young Kwang Chae, MD, MPH, MBA, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, shares an overview of a study aiming to classify the tumor microenvironment (TME) of advanced well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) based on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Using TCGA PTC data, three immune phenotypes (immune-‘desert’, immune-‘excluded’, and ‘inflamed’) were identified using an AI model. The ‘inflamed’ phenotype showed the highest cytolytic scores (CYT) and was associated with a higher rate of response to immunotherapy. The study also found significant differences in infiltration of specific immune and stromal cells among the phenotypes. However, thyroid differentiation scores (TDS) or BRAF V600E mutation status could not distinguish the ‘inflamed’ phenotype from others, indicating that immune phenotype classification through TILs provides valuable information about the TME of PTC. This interview took place at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2023 Annual Congress in Chicago, IL.
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