Approximately 40% of patients with cholangiocarcinoma have genetic alterations for which targeted therapies already exist. Arndt Vogel, MD, PhD, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, discusses recent developments in the use of targeted theapies for these patients, including the differences between genetic alterations in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and which targetable mutations could have the biggest therapeutic potential. Some targets have been investigated in Phase II and III clinical trials, but nothing has yet been approved for use. Prof. Vogel strongly recommends that clinicians use next generation sequencing early on in a patient’s care to identify possible targetable mutations which should then be discussed with a molecular tumor board to determine the best course of treatment for the patient. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer (ESMO WCGIC) 2022 in Barcelona, Spain.