Nicolas Girard, MD, from the Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France, discusses the key challenges that we are facing in the management of thoracic cancers at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2017 in Madrid, Spain. Dr Girard also describes the FLAURA (NCT02296125) study, which investigated erlotinib and gefitinib in patients with EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer. This trial had promising results, however, results determining overall survival are yet to be obtained.