Arndt Vogel, MD, PhD, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, discusses the Phase II KEYNOTE-224 trial (NCT02702414) which investigated the efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the second-line setting. The study did not show sufficient efficacy of this treatment in this setting, however, Prof. Vogel comments that there have been significant advances in immunotherapy for these patients in the first-line setting since this trial commenced, reducing the need for such as treatment in the second-line. This interview took place at the European Society for Medical Oncology World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer (ESMO WCGIC) 2022 in Barcelona, Spain.