First of all, in the era of checkpoint inhibitors, there’s only about 20% of tumors that really melt away with checkpoint inhibitor therapy. And that is the small subset of tumors where there’s already pre-existing immunity against cancer neoantigens. I think the next decade is all going to be about how do we address those large numbers of tumors where there’s just not really pre-existing immunity that can be reversed with a checkpoint inhibitor...
First of all, in the era of checkpoint inhibitors, there’s only about 20% of tumors that really melt away with checkpoint inhibitor therapy. And that is the small subset of tumors where there’s already pre-existing immunity against cancer neoantigens. I think the next decade is all going to be about how do we address those large numbers of tumors where there’s just not really pre-existing immunity that can be reversed with a checkpoint inhibitor. And I think vaccines are important because they are priming agents. Vaccines, bispecifics, and other tumor-specific strategies, they can induce immune responses when we do not have pre-existing immune responses, and that’s why they’re so important.
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