Walter Weber, MD, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, comments on the evolving approach to axillary surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Targeted axillary dissections and sentinel nodal dissections can be considered in selected patients, including those with residual disease, and studies also support the safety of omitting axillary dissection in certain cases. Personalized treatment approaches are important for these patients and further research is needed to de-escalate axillary dissection in patients with residual micrometastatic or macrometastatic disease. This interview took place at the 2025 St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus Meeting in Vienna, Austria.
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