Giannis Mountzios, MD, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece, highlights several challenges in selecting second-line treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after chemoimmunotherapy. Key considerations include the timing of progression (primary or secondary resistance to immunotherapy), the lack of a standardized definition for immunotherapy resistance, and patient-related characteristics such as disease burden and symptoms. The pattern of disease progression (oligo vs. systemic) also influences treatment decisions. Additionally, the availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data is crucial. If NGS wasn’t done initially, it should be performed in the second line to identify resistance mechanisms and new therapeutic targets. This interview took place during the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Meeting in Chicago, IL.
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